Potencial mecânico da associação de diferentes tratamentos com a deposição de filmes por vapor químico melhorado por plasma na superfície da zircônia / Mechanical potential of the association of different treatments with the deposition of films by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on the zirconia surface

Caracterizar a superfície de zircônia (Y-TZP) submetida a diferentes tratamentos de superfície (com e sem associações de plasma) e avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento (RC) com a cerâmica de cobertura (CC) após diferentes métodos de envelhecimento. 301 espécimes de 3Y-TZP (IPS e.max ZirCAD) foram fabricados e distribuídos em 7 grupos (n = 43): Grupo C (controle): sem tratamento; Grupo Al: jateamento com partícula de Al2O3 de 27 µm; Grupo L: liner; Grupo P: plasma; Grupo Al+L: jateamento + liner; Grupo Al+P: jateamento + plasma; Grupo P+L: plasma + liner. A superfície de Y-TZP foi caracterizada por Micrsocopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia por Energia Dispersiva (EED), Microscopia por Força Atômica (MFA), perfilometria de superfície e energia livre de superfície (ELS). Difração de Raio-x (DRX) foi usada para verificar a estrutura do cristal de Y-TZP após cada tratamento de superfície realizado. A RC entre Y-TZP e a cerâmica de cobertura foi verificada após três protocolos de envelhecimento: inicial, após envelhecimento hidrotérmico (autoclave por 5h) ou termociclagem (30.000 banhos - 5-55°C). ANOVA de um (profilometria e ELS) e de dois fatores (RC) e o teste de Tukey HSD foram usados como análise estatística. Para os grupos de plasma, uma cobertura homogênea e total da superfície foi observada em MEV e MFA, com formação globular. Picos de Si foram encontrados para os grupos Al, L, Al+L e P+L. A rugosidade foi menor para os grupos C, P e Al+P. Para ELS, os maiores valores foram encontrados quando o liner foi aplicado (> 74,59 nm/Nm). O maior conteúdo monoclínico foi observado para Al+L (6,96%) e Al+P (5,86%). Para o período inicial, o grupo Al e P+L apresentaram os menores valores de RC ( 0,331). Após o envelhecimento hidrotérmico, os grupos L, P e P+L apresentaram os maiores valores de RC (> 8,25 MPa; P< 0,001). Após a termociclagem, os grupos P, L, Al+L e Al+P apresentaram os maiores valores de RC (> 6,35 MPa; P < 0,001). Foram constatadas alterações na topografia da Y-TZP e na RC com a CC, de acordo com os tratamentos realizados. O tratamento com plasma melhorou a resistência ao cisalhamento e não causou transformação de fase(AU)

To characterize the zirconia (Y-TZP) surface submitted to different surface treatments (with and without plasma associations) and to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) with the veneering ceramic (VC) after different aging methods. 301 3Y-TZP specimens (IPS e.max ZirCAD) were fabricated and distributed into 7 groups (n=43): Group C (control): no treatment; Group Al: airborne abrasion with 27 µm Al2O3 particle; Group L: liner; Group P: plasma; Group Al+L: airborne abrasion + liner; Group Al+P: airborne abrasion + plasma; Group P + L: plasma + liner. The Y-TZP surface was characterized by SEM, EDS, AFM, surface profilometry, and surface-free energy (SFE). XRD was used to verify the crystal structure after each surface treatment performed. SBS between Y-TZP and the veneering ceramic was verified after three aging protocols: initial, after hydrothermal aging (autoclave for 5h), or thermal fatigue (30,000 baths - 5-55°C). One- (profilometry and SFE) and two-way ANOVA (SBS), and Tukey's HSD test were used as statistical analysis. For the plasma groups, a homogeneous and a full surface coverage was observed on SEM and AFM, with globular formation. Peaks of Si were found for Al, L, Al+L, and P+L groups. Roughness was lower for groups C, P, and Al+P. For SFE, the highest values were found when the liner was applied (>74.59 nm/Nm). The highest monoclinic content was observed for Al+L (6.96%) and Al+P (5.86%). For the initial period, group Al and P+L presented the lowest SBS values (< 5.85 MPa; P> 0.331). After hydrothermal aging, groups L, P, and P+L presented the highest SBS values (> 8.25 MPa; P< 0.001). After thermal fatigue, P, L, Al+L, and Al+P groups had the highest SBS values (> 6.35 MPa; P< 0.001). Changes in Y-TZP topography and the SBS with the VC were observed, according to treatments performed. Plasma treatment improved SBS and did not cause phase transformation(AU)

Effect of non-thermal plasma on the shear bond strength of resin cements to Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK)

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the effect of non-thermal plasma on the shear bond strength of resin cements to polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) in comparison to other surface treatment methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty PEKK discs were subjected to different surface treatments: (1) Untreated (UT); (2) Non-thermal plasma (NTP); (3) Sandblasting with 50 µm Al2O3 particles (SB); and (4) Sandblasting + Non-thermal plasma (SB+NTP). After each surface treatment, the contact angle was measured. Surface conditioning with Visio.Link was applied in all groups after pre-treatment. RelyX Unicem resin cement was bonded onto the PEKK specimens. After fabrication of the specimens, half of each group (n=10) was initially tested, while the other half was subjected to thermocycling (5℃ to 55℃ at 10,000 cycles). Shear bond strength (SBS) testing was performed using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were assessed using stereomicroscopy. The SBS results were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Independent t-test was used to examine the effect of thermocycling (P < .05). RESULTS: The highest SBS values with or without thermocycling were observed with PEKK specimens that were treated with SB+NTP followed by the SB group. The lowest SBS results were observed in the UT groups. CONCLUSION: The shear bond strength between PEKK and resin cements was improved using non-thermal plasma treatment in combination with sandblasting.

Non-thermal plasma increase bond strength of zirconia to a resin cement / Plasma não-térmico aumenta a resistência de união da zircônia a um cimento resinoso

Objective: This study investigated the influence of different surface treatments on zirconia surface energy, roughness and microshear bond strength. Material and Methods: Forty eight slices of Yttriastabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZPVITA In-Ceram® YZ for inLab®) (6.4 x 3.2 x 1.6 mm) were divided into 3 groups according to the surface treatment (n = 16): YTZP_control -untreated; YTZP_plasma -surface treatment with non-thermal oxygen plasma; YTZP_primer - coating with ceramic primer. Surface energy (n = 6) was measured with a goniometer; and surface roughness (n = 10) was analyzed with a 3D profilometer were performed over zirconia surface. On the same specimens of surface roughness, on the treated zirconia's surface, resin cement (PANAVIA V5 - Kuraray Noritake Dental) was built up by inserting the resin cement into Tygon tubes (1 mm of internal diameter X 1 mm length). After 24h storage, microshear test was assessed. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey posthoc test (p < 0.05). Results: Nonthermal oxygen plasma treated specimens exhibited higher statistically significant surface energy (p = 0.00) and bond strength (p = 0.00) when compared to control and primer groups. Roughness test (p = 0.897) could not detect statistical difference among the tested groups. Conclusion: Non-thermal oxygen plasma should be a suitable alternative for zirconia surface treatment prior to luting hence it improved microshear bond strength and provided higher surface energy without affecting surface roughness. (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo investigou a influência de diferentes tratamentos de superfície na energia de superfície, rugosidade e resistência de união da zircônia. Material e Métodos: Quarenta e oito fatias de zircônia tetragonal policristalina estabilizada por ítria (Y-TZP - VITA InCeram® YZ for inLab®) (6,4 x 3,2 x 1,6 mm) foram divididas em 3 grupos de acordo com o tratamento de superfície (n = 16): YTZP_controle sem tratamento; YTZP_plasma - tratamento de superfície com plasma de oxigênio não térmico; YTZP_primer - aplicação de um primer cerâmico. A energia da superfície (n = 6) foi medida com o auxilio de um goniômetro; e a rugosidade superficial (n = 10) foi analisada com um perfilômetro 3D. Nos mesmos espécimes da rugosidade, prolongamentos de cimento resinoso (PANAVIA V5 - Kuraray Noritake Dental) foram construídos inserindo o cimento em micro túbulos de silicone (1mm de diâmetro interno de X 1 mm de comprimento). O teste de microcisalhamento foi realizado após 24h. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente ANOVA um fator e teste auxiliar de Tukey (p < 0,05). Resultados: Os espécimes tratados com plasma de oxigênio apresentaram maiores valores de energia de superficie (p = 0,00) e resistência de união estatisticamente significante (p = 0,00) quando comparados aos grupos controle e do primer. A análise de rugosidade (p = 0,897) não detectou diferença estatística entre os grupos testados. Conclusão: O plasma não térmico pode ser uma alternativa para o tratamento de superfície de zircônia antes da cimentação, pois aumentou a resistência de união ao microcilsalhamento e proporcionou maior energia superficial sem afetar a rugosidade da superfície. (AU)

Non-thermal Plasma Suppresses Bacterial Colonization on Skin Wound and Promotes Wound Healing in Mice / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The present study evaluated the effect of non-thermal plasma on skin wound healing in BalB/c mice.Two 6-mm wounds along the both sides of the spine were created on the back of each mouse (n=80) by using a punch biopsy.The mice were assigned randomly into two groups,with 40animals in each group:a non-thermal plasma group in which the mice were treated with the non-thermal plasma; a control group in which the mice were left to heal naturally.Wound healing was evaluated on postoperative days (POD) 4,7,10 and 14 (n=5 per group in each POD) by percentage of wound closure.The mice was euthanized on POD 1,4,7,10,14,21,28 and 35 (n=1 in each POD).The wounds were removed,routinely fixed,paraffin-embedded,sectioned and HE-stained.A modified scoring system was used to evaluate the wounds.The results showed that acute inflammation peaked on POD 4 in non-thermal plasma group,earlier than in control group in which acute inflammation reached a peak on POD 7,and the acute inflammation scores were much lower in non-thermal group than in control group on POD7 (P＜0.05).The amount of granular tissue was greater on POD 4 and 7 in non-thermal group than in control group (P＜0.05).The re-epithelialization score and the neovasularization score were increased significantly in non-thermal group when compared with control group on POD 7 and 10 (P＜0.05 for all).The count of bacterial colonies was 103 CFU/mL on POD 4 and ＜20 CFU/mL on POD 7,significantly lower than that in control group (109 CFU/mL on POD 4 and ＞1012 CFU/mL on the POD 7) (P＜0.05).It was suggested that the non-thermal plasma facilitates the wound healing by suppressing bacterial colonization.